Global Energy Production, Consumption & CO2 Emissions by Country (1965–2023)

About this data

Comprehensive country-level dataset covering energy production, consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions for 229 countries and territories from 1965 to 2023. Contains 13,100+ rows with 60 curated indicators spanning electricity generation by source, primary energy consumption, fossil fuel and renewable energy breakdowns, CO2 emissions by fuel type, cumulative emissions, methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and estimated temperature contributions. **Sources:** - Our World in Data — Energy Dataset (electricity generation, consumption, production by fuel type, energy mix shares) - Our World in Data — CO2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Dataset (annual CO2 by source, GHG totals, per-capita metrics, cumulative emissions, temperature change attribution) - Underlying sources include: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, Ember Global Electricity Review, Energy Institute Statistical Review, IPCC, Global Carbon Project, Climate Watch/CAIT, UNFCCC **Schema (60 columns):** - `country` — Country or territory name - `iso_code` — ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code - `year` — Year of observation (1965–2023) - `population` — Total population - `gdp` — GDP in international-$ (PPP, 2017 prices) - `electricity_generation` — Total electricity generation (TWh) - `electricity_demand` — Electricity demand (TWh) - `primary_energy_consumption` — Primary energy consumption (TWh) - `energy_per_capita` — Energy consumption per capita (kWh) - `energy_per_gdp` — Energy intensity (kWh per $) - `fossil_fuel_consumption` / `renewables_consumption` / `nuclear_consumption` — Consumption by type (TWh) - `coal_consumption` / `oil_consumption` / `gas_consumption` — Fossil fuel breakdown (TWh) - `hydro_consumption` / `solar_consumption` / `wind_consumption` / `biofuel_consumption` — Renewable breakdown (TWh) - `fossil_share_energy` / `renewables_share_energy` / `nuclear_share_energy` — Energy mix shares (%) - `coal_share_energy` / `oil_share_energy` / `gas_share_energy` — Fossil fuel shares (%) - `low_carbon_share_energy` — Low-carbon energy share (%) - `carbon_intensity_elec` — Carbon intensity of electricity (gCO2/kWh) - `co2` — Annual CO2 emissions (million tonnes) - `co2_per_capita` — CO2 per capita (tonnes) - `co2_per_gdp` / `co2_per_unit_energy` — CO2 efficiency metrics - `coal_co2` / `oil_co2` / `gas_co2` / `cement_co2` / `flaring_co2` — CO2 by source (Mt) - `total_ghg` — Total greenhouse gas emissions (MtCO2e) - `methane` / `nitrous_oxide` — Non-CO2 GHG emissions (MtCO2e) - `cumulative_co2` / `share_global_co2` / `share_global_cumulative_co2` — Global share metrics - `temperature_change_from_co2` / `temperature_change_from_ghg` — Estimated warming contribution (°C) - `data_sources` — Which source datasets contributed to each row **Coverage:** 229 countries, 1965–2023, 13,100+ observations. Data density is highest for 1990–2023 with near-complete coverage; earlier decades have sparser coverage for smaller nations. **Use cases:** Climate policy analysis, energy transition tracking, cross-country emissions benchmarking, renewable energy adoption studies, carbon intensity trends, ESG research, AI agent environmental analysis, academic research on global decarbonization pathways.

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